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Tansuo Future CollegeExpert Interview
Tansuo Future CollegeCarbon Rope Future Live Streaming
Relying on new media platforms such as video number, B station, Toutiao and Douyin, we invite domestic and foreign experts to carry out live broadcasting in agriculture, environment and dual carbon fields, pay attention to policy changes, pay attention to the transformation of results, transmit cutting-edge technologies, and discuss the landing of scientific research, providing rich and practical knowledge and information for the public and researchers. At present, it includes the Carbon Cable Future broadcast room, carbon carbon International Forum and other programs, which have been viewed by about 210,000 people. The maximum number of views reached 27,500.
What is biochar?
Biochar is a type of charcoal that acts as a soil amendment to aid plant growth and can be used for agricultural purposes as well as for carbon capture and storage.
What are the main components of biochar?
The main components of biochar are carbon molecules.
How does biochar help plants grow?
Biochar can increase agricultural productivity, clean water, and help reduce the use of chemical fertilizers.
How can biochar help reduce greenhouse gas emissions?
Biochar helps capture and remove greenhouse gases from the atmosphere, converting them into a very stable form and storing them in the soil for thousands of years.
As a highly stable carbon-rich material, biochar can lock up carbon in biomass during its production and storage and avoid it from entering the atmosphere through microbial decomposition and other ways. The climate-regulating capacity of biochar is mainly due to its high stability, thus reducing the rate at which carbon fixed by photosynthesis is returned to the atmosphere.
The emission reduction effect of biochar in soil: ① the stability of biochar; ② Reduce the mineralization intensity; ③ The emission reduction effect of biochar on other greenhouse gases.
What are the production methods of biochar?
Slow pyrolysis: It is carried out at a lower temperature (300~650℃) and a longer reaction time, and mainly produces gas and solid biochar.
Rapid pyrolysis: It is carried out at relatively high temperatures and very fast heating rates, mainly producing bio-oil and a small amount of biochar.
Microwave pyrolysis: using microwave energy to directly heat biomass, heating speed is fast, easy to operate.
Hydrothermal carbonization method: The reaction is carried out by heating the biomass in a sealed system to 200~300℃ in subcritical or supercritical water.
Gasification method: The use of gasifier gasification of biomass at high temperatures to generate combustible gas, while producing biochar.
Activation methods: including acid activation, alkali activation and metal immersion activation to improve the physical properties and adsorption capacity of biochar.
What are the physical and chemical properties of biochar?
He physical and chemical properties of biochar include its effects on soil water content, organic carbon and available nutrient content, and its adsorption properties for heavy metals.
① Fixed carbon: It is the percentage of carbon residue after the removal of water, ash and volatilization of biochar. The content of fixed carbon increased with the increase of pyrolysis final temperature. When the pyrolysis temperature of corn straw carbon increased from 450℃ to 750℃, the content of fixed carbon increased from 69.32% to 70.32%. The average fixed carbon content of cotton straw was about 78.14%, the average fixed carbon content of straw carbon was 60.01%, the average fixed carbon content of corn straw carbon was 69.96% and the average fixed carbon content of wood biochar was about 80%. Biochar with large fixed carbon is suitable for carbon reduction and increasing soil carbon sink input.
② Calorific value: is the heat released by the unit mass of combustion after complete combustion and cooling to the original temperature, reflecting the size of biochar storage energy. Biochar with a larger calorific value is used as barbecue charcoal or for smelting metal.
③ Specific surface area: It is the total area of biochar per unit mass, which is an important factor affecting the adsorption performance of substances. Biochar with large specific surface area has better adsorption capacity, which can improve the specific surface area and porosity of the soil, adjust the tightness of the soil, and help maintain water and nutrients.
④ Porosity: the space between the biochar particles. The rich pore structure features are of great value to the adsorption capacity of biochar. The pore can adsorb and store different kinds and components of substances, provide nutrients for microorganisms, and affect the soil capacity and water holding capacity. The application of biochar with large porosity to agriculture increases soil fertility.
pH value: The pH value of biochar used to improve soil is generally alkaline, which can improve the pH value of acidic soil.
The biochar produced by pyrolysis at high temperature (> 500℃) has a larger surface area and more aromatic compounds, so it is more difficult to decompose and has good adsorption. Low temperature pyrolysis method has a higher carbon yield. Low temperature biochar is a significant amorphous carbon structure, and contains rich nutrient elements (such as N nitrogen, P phosphorus and S sulfur), which will be lost at high temperature. However, low temperature carbon has a high content of non-aromatic carbon, so it is more active in soil than high temperature carbon, which is easier for microorganisms to degrade and natural oxidation. It contributes a lot to soil fertility, and the effect of increasing yield is obviously better than that of high temperature carbon.
What are the environmental impacts of biochar?
Biochar can reduce the use of chemical fertilizers, increase soil organic carbon content, improve soil structure, reduce soil erosion, and help reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
Applications in the environment:
① Applied to environmental pollution. Strong adsorption capacity for heavy metals and organic pollutants in soil.
② Biochar is used for carbon sequestration and emission reduction: Biochar's complex aromatic ring structure, hydrophobic aliphatic group and oxidized state carbon make it stable for a long time after application into the soil and not easy to be decomposed and mineralized, which is easier to persist for a long time than any other form of organic carbon, and can form a stable organic carbon pool in the soil, becoming an important way to increase agricultural sink and emission reduction.
What are the applications of biochar in agriculture?
Biochar can be used as a soil amendment in agriculture, improving soil fertility and increasing crop yields while reducing the use of fertilizers and pesticides.
① Soil improvement: Biochar has a porous structure and high specific surface area, which can absorb and retain water and nutrients in the soil, improve the soil structure, and enhance the soil's water and fertilizer retention ability. At the same time, it can also adjust the soil pH and provide a more suitable soil environment for crop growth.
② Improve crop yield: By improving soil conditions, biochar promotes the growth and development of crop roots, improves the absorption and utilization of nutrients by crops, and thus increases crop yield. Studies have shown that the application of biochar can increase the biomass and yield of wheat, rice, corn, lettuce, sunflower, strawberry and other crops.
③ Reduce fertilizer use: Because biochar can absorb and maintain nutrients in the soil, reducing the loss and volatilization of nutrients, it can reduce the amount of fertilizer used to a certain extent. This not only helps to reduce the cost of agricultural production, but also helps to reduce the pollution of the environment caused by excessive use of fertilizer.
④ Carbon sequestration and emission reduction: The preparation process of biochar is itself a way of carbon sequestration, fixing carbon that might otherwise be released into the atmosphere in the soil. At the same time, the long-term stability of biochar in the soil also means that it can lock in carbon for a long time, reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
⑤ Remediation of contaminated soil: Biochar can be used to adsorb/degrade pollutants, improve soil microbial activity and effectively reduce the risk of soil pollution. It can also directly or indirectly improve soil microbial activity, change soil nutrient retention ability and its biological availability, improve soil quality, change soil physical and chemical characteristics, affect soil structure and indirectly improve plant growth and nutrient cycling.
⑥ Saline-alkali land improvement: biochar has a direct or indirect regulatory effect on soil nutrients, which can improve soil organic matter content, cation exchange capacity, permeability and microbial activity, reduce nitrogen and phosphorus loss, increase the formation of soil aggregate structure, and also improve soil water conductivity and water infiltration, thereby improving crop habitat and increasing crop yield.
⑦ Improve soil quality: Biochar application to improve soil quality, promote crop growth and provide agricultural product quality studies have also shown that biochar has an impact on soil physical and chemical properties, soil microorganisms, animals, plant physiological indicators, etc., thus revealing fertile soil and promote crop growth reasons.
How stable is biochar?
Biochar has high stability in soil, can store carbon for a long time, and reduce carbon loss.
What are the adsorption properties of biochar to soil heavy metals?
Biochar has strong adsorption capacity for heavy metals such as cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) in soil, and can be used for remediation of heavy metal pollution in soil.
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